Frequently Asked Questions - Object oriented Concepts

• How do you write a program which produces its own source code as its output?
• How can I find the day of the week given the date?
• Why doesn't C have nested functions?
• What is the most efficient way to count the number of bits which are set in a value?
• How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal?
• How can I call a function, given its name as a string?
• How do I access command-line arguments?
• How can I return multiple values from a function?
• How can I invoke another program from within a C program?
• How can I access memory located at a certain address?
• How can I allocate arrays or structures bigger than 64K?
• How can I find out how much memory is available?
• How can I read a directory in a C program?
• How can I increase the allowable number of simultaneously open files?
• What's wrong with the call "fopen("c:\newdir\file.dat", "r")"?
• What is the output of printf("%d")
• What will happen if I say delete this
• Difference between "C structure" and "C++ structure".
• Diffrence between a "assignment operator" and a "copy constructor"
• What is the difference between "overloading" and "overridding"?
• Explain the need for "Virtual Destructor".
• Can we have "Virtual Constructors"?
• What are the different types of polymorphism?
• What are Virtual Functions? How to implement virtual functions in "C"
• What are the different types of Storage classes?
• What is Namespace?
• What are the types of STL containers?.
• Difference between "vector" and "array"?
• How to write a program such that it will delete itself after exectution?
• Can we generate a C++ source code from the binary file?
• What are inline functions?
• Talk sometiming about profiling?
• How many lines of code you have written for a single program?
• What is "strstream" ?
• How to write Multithreaded applications using C++?
• Explain "passing by value", "passing by pointer" and "passing by reference"
• Write any small program that will compile in "C" but not in "C++"
• Have you heard of "mutable" keyword?
• What is a "RTTI"?
• Is there something that I can do in C and not in C++?
• Why preincrement operator is faster than postincrement?
• What is the difference between "calloc" and "malloc"?
• What will happen if I allocate memory using "new" and free it using "free" or allocate sing "calloc" and free it using "delete"?
• What is Memory Alignment?
• Explain working of printf.
• Difference between "printf" and "sprintf".
• What is "map" in STL?
• When shall I use Multiple Inheritance?
• What are the techniques you use for debugging?
• How to reduce a final size of executable?
• Give 2 examples of a code optimization.
• What is inheritance?
• Difference between Composition and Aggregation.
• Difference: Sequence Diagrams, Collaboration Diagrams.
• Difference: 'uses', 'extends', 'includes'
• What shall I go for Package Diagram?
• What is Polymorphism?
• Is class an Object? Is object a class?
• Comment: C++ "includes" behavior and java "imports"
• What do you mean by "Realization"?
• What is a Presistent, Transient Object?
• What is the use of Operator Overloading?
• Does UML guarantee project success?
• Difference: Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram.
• What is association?
• How to resolve many to many relationship?
• How do you represent static members and abstract classes in Class Diagram?
• What does static variable mean?
• What is a pointer?
• What is a structure?
• What are the differences between structures and arrays?
• In header files whether functions are declared or defined? 
• What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()?
• What are macros? what are its advantages and disadvantages?
• Difference between pass by reference and pass by value?
• What is static identifier?
• Where are the auto variables stored?
• Where does global, static, local, register variables, free memory and C Program instructions get stored?
• Difference between arrays and linked list?
• What are enumerations?
• Describe about storage allocation and scope of global, extern, static, local and register variables?
• What are register variables? What are the advantage of using register variables?
• What is the use of typedef?
• Can we specify variable field width in a scanf() format string? If possible how?
• Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why?
• Difference between strdup and strcpy?
• What is recursion?
• Differentiate between a for loop and a while loop? What are it uses?
• What are the different storage classes in C?
• Write down the equivalent pointer expression for referring the same element a[i][j][k][l]?
• What is difference between Structure and Unions?
• What the advantages of using Unions?
• What are the advantages of using pointers in a program?
• What is the difference between Strings and Arrays?
• In a header file whether functions are declared or defined?
• What is a far pointer? where we use it?
• How will you declare an array of three function pointers where each function receives two ints and returns a float?
• what is a NULL Pointer? Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointer?
• What is a NULL Macro? What is the difference between a NULL Pointer and a NULL Macro?
• What does the error 'Null Pointer Assignment' mean and what causes this error?
• What is near, far and huge pointers? How many bytes are occupied by them?
• How would you obtain segment and offset addresses from a far address of a memory location?
• Are the expressions arr and &arr same for an array of integers?
• Does mentioning the array name gives the base address in all the contexts?
• Explain one method to process an entire string as one unit?
• What is the similarity between a Structure, Union and enumeration?
• Can a Structure contain a Pointer to itself?
• How can we check whether the contents of two structure variables are same or not?
• How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier?
• How can we read/write Structures from/to data files?
• What is the difference between an enumeration and a set of pre-processor # defines?
• what do the 'c' and 'v' in argc and argv stand for?
• Are the variables argc and argv are local to main?
• What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments?
• If we want that any wildcard characters in the command line arguments should be appropriately expanded, are we required to make any special provision? If yes, which?
• Does there exist any way to make the command line arguments available to other functions without passing them as arguments to the function?
• What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration?
• To which numbering system can the binary number 1101100100111100 be easily converted to?
• Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
• Which bit wise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?
• Which bit wise operator is suitable for putting on a particular bit in a number?
• Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
• which one is equivalent to multiplying by 2:Left shifting a number by 1 or Left shifting an unsigned int or char by 1?
• Write a program to compare two strings without using the strcmp() function.
• Write a program to concatenate two strings.
• Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one.
• Write programs for String Reversal & Palindrome check
• Write a program to find the Factorial of a number
• Write a program to generate the Fibinocci Series
• Write a program which employs Recursion
• Write a program which uses Command Line Arguments
• Write a program which uses functions like strcmp(), strcpy()? etc
• What are the advantages of using typedef in a program?
• How would you dynamically allocate a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array of integers?
• How can you increase the size of a dynamically allocated array?
• How can you increase the size of a statically allocated array?
• When reallocating memory if any other pointers point into the same piece of memory do you have to readjust these other pointers or do they get readjusted automatically?
• Which function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc()?
• How much maximum can you allocate in a single call to malloc()?
• Can you dynamically allocate arrays in expanded memory?
• What is object file? How can you access object file?
• Which header file should you include if you are to develop a function which can accept variable number of arguments?
• Can you write a function similar to printf()?
• How can a called function determine the number of arguments that have been passed to it?
• Can there be at least some solution to determine the number of arguments passed to a variable argument list function?
• How do you declare the following:
• An array of three pointers to chars
• An array of three char pointers
• A pointer to array of three chars
• A pointer to function which receives an int pointer and returns a float pointer
• A pointer to a function which receives nothing and returns nothing
• What do the functions atoi(), itoa() and gcvt() do?
• Does there exist any other function which can be used to convert an integer or a float to a string?
• How would you use qsort() function to sort an array of structures?
• How would you use qsort() function to sort the name stored in an array of pointers to string?
• How would you use bsearch() function to search a name stored in array of pointers to string?
• How would you use the functions sin(), pow(), sqrt()?
• How would you use the functions memcpy(), memset(), memmove()?
• How would you use the functions fseek(), freed(), fwrite() and ftell()?
• How would you obtain the current time and difference between two times?
• How would you use the functions randomize() and random()?
• How would you implement a substr() function that extracts a sub string from a given string?
• What is the difference between the functions rand(), random(), srand() and randomize()?
• What is the difference between the functions memmove() and memcpy()?
• How do you print a string on the printer?
• Can you use the function fprintf() to display the output on the screen?
• What is an object?
• What is the difference between an object and a class?
• What is the difference between class and structure?
• What is public, protected, private?
• What are virtual functions?
• What is friend function?
• What is a scope resolution operator?
• What do you mean by inheritance?
• What is abstraction?
• What is polymorphism? Explain with an example.
• What is encapsulation?
• What do you mean by binding of data and functions?
• What is function overloading and operator overloading?
• What is virtual class and friend class?
• What do you mean by inline function?
• What do you mean by public, private, protected and friendly?
• When is an object created and what is its lifetime?
• What do you mean by multiple inheritance and multilevel inheritance? Differentiate between them.
• Difference between realloc() and free?
• What is a template?
• What are the main differences between procedure oriented languages and object oriented languages?
• What is R T T I ?
• What are generic functions and generic classes?
• What is namespace?
• What is the difference between pass by reference and pass by value?
• Why do we use virtual functions?
• What do you mean by pure virtual functions?
• What are virtual classes?
• Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance?
• What are the advantages of inheritance?
• When is a memory allocated to a class?
• What is the difference between declaration and definition?
• What is virtual constructors/destructors?
• In c++ there is only virtual destructors, no constructors. Why?
• What is late bound function call and early bound function call? Differentiate.
• How is exception handling carried out in c++?
• When will a constructor executed?
• What is Dynamic Polymorphism?
• Write a macro for swapping integers.